Nyingma Tradition in Buddhism

Meaning of the Name

Nyingma (རྙིང་མ་) literally means “ancient” or “old.”

It refers to the oldest school of Tibetan Buddhism.

Origin

The Nyingma tradition dates back to the 8th century, established by the great Indian tantric master Padmasambhava (Guru Rinpoche), the abbot Śāntarakṣita, and the Tibetan king Trisong Detsen.

Padmasambhava firmly rooted Vajrayana Buddhism (Tantric path) in Tibet.

The tradition is based on the teachings of Nalanda University and the practices of Indian Mahayana–Vajrayana yogis.

Key Characteristics
Old Tantras
Nyingma teachings rely on the “Nyingma Gyü” (Old Tantras), the earliest tantric scriptures translated into Tibetan.

These are distinct from the “New Tantras” (Sarma) emphasized in other schools.
Dzogchen (Great Perfection)
The highest and most unique practice of Nyingma.

Dzogchen emphasizes directly recognizing the nature of mind (Rigpa) and resting in that state of pure awareness.
Terma (Treasure Teachings)
Hidden teachings concealed by Padmasambhava and his disciples for future generations.

These treasures are revealed over time by special masters known as Tertöns (treasure revealers).
Diversity of Practice
The Nyingma school preserves a wide range of meditations, mantras, yogic and tantric practices.

Unlike some schools, it gives room for both monastic practitioners and lay householders.

Historical Importance

The Nyingma tradition represents the first wave of Buddhism in Tibet.

It has had a deep impact on Tibetan literature, art, and spirituality.

Padmasambhava is revered as the “Second Buddha” in Tibet.

Present Day

Today, Nyingma remains one of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

Its monasteries and centers are active in Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, India, and around the world.

Dzogchen masters continue to teach globally, making the tradition highly influential beyond Tibet.

In short, the Nyingma tradition is the oldest school of Tibetan Buddhism, characterized by its Old Tantras, the profound practice of Dzogchen, the unique Terma teachings, and the enduring legacy of Guru Padmasambhava.